Case of the Month | May 2023

Case of the Month
May 25, 2023

The Case

The patient was a 64-year-old man who complained of a gradual loss of vision in the left eye over the last two weeks. This vision was 20/20 OD and 20/25 OS. There was an afferent pupillary defect and an inferior visual field defect in the left eye. There was red desaturation in the left eye, and a bright light appeared to be twice as bright in the right eye compared to the left eye. He denied other neurological symptoms, and he denied headaches or other common symptoms of giant cell arteritis. His examination was remarkable for disc edema in the left eye and an elevated disc in the right eye with a sharp margin. The anterior and posterior chambers were quiet. Six weeks later, he described a further loss of vision in the left eye, and the acuity was 20/40. The disc edema had resolved and there was disc pallor. Three months later, the clinical presentation and vision were unchanged.

Laboratory testing revealed an unremarkable CBC, normal C-reactive protein, angiotensin converting enzyme, fasting glucose, and a sed rate of 1. An MRI of the brain and orbits was unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

This patient had disc edema and disc drusen in the left eye, but no evident disc drusen in the right eye. There is punctate disc autofluorescence only in the left eye consistent with optic disc drusen, and the spot of autofluorescence in the right macula is an artifact. Both eyes have the classic, crowded “disc at risk” for anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) with an absent cup.

There are reports of AION in eyes with optic disc drusen.1,2 Evidently, the disc drusen contribute to compression of blood vessels feeding the disc.

The clinical course of progressive visual loss is unusual for AION, which often presents as a sudden loss of vision with a superior or inferior altitudinal visual field defect. This patient’s initial clinical course was more typical of optic neuritis. However, his age and the absence of neurological symptoms and the unremarkable MRI argue against but do not rule out this diagnosis. Further, the failure to recover any vision favors a diagnosis of AION.

1. Purvin V, King R, Kawasaki A, Yee R. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in eyes with optic disc drusen. Arch Ophthalmol 2004:122:48-53.

2. Megur B, Magur D, Megur U, Reddy S. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in association with optic nervehead drusen. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62:829-831.

Case Photos

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This patient had disc edema and disc drusen in the left eye, but no evident disc drusen in the right eye. There is punctate disc autofluorescence only in the left eye consistent with optic disc drusen, and the spot of autofluorescence in the right macula is an artifact. Both eyes have the classic, crowded “disc at risk” for anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) with an absent cup.

There are reports of AION in eyes with optic disc drusen.1,2 Evidently, the disc drusen contribute to compression of blood vessels feeding the disc.

The clinical course of progressive visual loss is unusual for AION, which often presents as a sudden loss of vision with a superior or inferior altitudinal visual field defect. This patient’s initial clinical course was more typical of optic neuritis. However, his age and the absence of neurological symptoms and the unremarkable MRI argue against but do not rule out this diagnosis. Further, the failure to recover any vision favors a diagnosis of AION.

1. Purvin V, King R, Kawasaki A, Yee R. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in eyes with optic disc drusen. Arch Ophthalmol 2004:122:48-53.

2. Megur B, Magur D, Megur U, Reddy S. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in association with optic nervehead drusen. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62:829-831.

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